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Computer program as400 Introducing IBM Redbooks Analytics Support Web Docs. How to use CHGDTA in CL Programming? The name AS/400 stands for Application.computer program as400 By Ryan Whitwam on October 29, 2012 at 7:46 am; 20 Comments; 0 shares; Facebook; Twitter; Linkedin. Computer Program As. IBM Software is designed to solve the most challenging needs of organizations large and small, across all industries, worldwide.IBM System i - Wikipedia. IBM System i 5. 70 server (as of 2. A Brief History of the IBM AS/400 and iSeries. The AS/400 family includes six processor models. IBM AS/400 Turns 25: Will It Last Another 25 Years? By Sean Michael Kerner (Send Email) Posted June 24, 2013 Digg; DZone; Reddit; Slashdot; StumbleUpon; del.icio. IBM RPG RPG Report Program. IBM in 1959 as the Report Program Generator - a tool to replicate. Generator introduced in the early 1960s for the IBM 1401 computer. AS400 Tutorial - Navigation, Menus and FKeys. Jeopardy Watson IBM Fast Computer Artificial Intelligence Software Win Million Donation. This chapter provides you with an overview of iSeries and AS/400 computer. In this chapter, you will learn about user message, program message. AS400 training is one way to become familiar with the client/server model of enterprise computing. IBM's training spans AS400. The IBM System i is IBM's previous generation of midrange computer systems for IBM i users, and was subsequently replaced by the IBM Power Systems in April 2. The platform was first introduced as the AS/4. Application System/4. June 2. 1, 1. 98. Server i. Series in 2. As part of IBM's Systems branding initiative in 2. System i. The codename of the AS/4. The unified product line is called IBM Power Systems and features support for the IBM i (previously known as i. OS or OS/4. 00), AIX and GNU/Linux operating systems. Summary. It was sold alongside other product lines, each with a different architecture (System/3, System/3. System/3. 4, System/3. Realizing the importance of compatibility with the thousands of programs written in legacy code, IBM launched the AS/4. In 2. 00. 6, it was again rebranded as the IBM System i. In 2. 00. 8, almost 2. System i and IBM System p product lines were combined into a new product line called the IBM Power Systems line. The operating system has undergone name changes along with the rebranding of IBM's server lineup. The operating system was rebranded as i. OS to correspond with the introduction of POWER5 processors and the rebranding of the hardware to e. Server i. Series. For the 6. 1 release, the operating system was again renamed to IBM i. The operating system is object- based. Features include a RDBMS (DB2/4. IBM 5. 25. 0), and printers. It supports security, communications, and web- based applications which can be executed inside the optional IBM Web. Sphere Application Server or as PHP/My. SQL applications inside a native port of the Apache web server. IBM i offers Unix- like file directories using the Integrated File System. Equally important are the virtual machine and single- level storage concepts which established the platform as an advanced business computer. Instruction set. TIMI is a virtual instruction set independent of the underlying machine instruction set of the CPU. User- mode programs contain both TIMI instructions and the machine instructions of the CPU, thus ensuring hardware independence. This is conceptually somewhat similar to the virtual machine architecture of programming environments such as Smalltalk, Java and . NET. They constitute an intermediate compile time step and are translated into the processor's instruction set as the final compilation step. The TIMI instructions are stored within the final program object, in addition to the executable machine instructions. This is how application objects compiled on one processor family (e. CISC AS/4. 00 4. 8- bit processors) could be moved to a new processor (e. Power. PC 6. 4- bit) without re- compilation. An application saved from the older 4. TIMI instructions into 6. The system's instruction set defines all pointers as 1. This was the original design feature of the System/3. S/3. 8) in the mid 1. When at a point in the future 1. IBM i will already be fully 1. The original AS/4. CISC models used the same 4. S/3. 8. The address space was expanded in 1. RISCPower. PCRS6. CPU processor replaced the 4. CISC processor. For 6. Power. PC processors, the virtual address resides in the rightmost 6. S/3. 8 and CISC AS/4. The 6. 4- bit address space references main memory and disk as a single address set which is the single- level storage concept. Software. While IBM i, AIX, Linux and Lotus Domino are supported on the POWER processors, Windows is supported with either single- processor internal blade servers (IXS) or externally linked multiple- processor servers (IXA and i. SCSI). Windows, Linux, and VMware ESX(VI3) are supported on i. SCSI attached servers. LPAR (Logical PARtitioning), a feature introduced from IBM's mainframe computers, facilitates running multiple operating systems simultaneously on one IBM System i unit. A system configured with LPAR can run various operating systems on separate partitions while ensuring that one OS cannot run over the memory or resources of another. Each LPAR is given a portion of system resources (memory, hard disk space, and CPU time) via a system of weights that determines where unused resources are allocated at any given time. The operating systems supported (and commonly used) under the LPAR scheme are IBM i, AIX, and Linux. Other features include an integrated DB2database management system, a menu- driven interface, multi- user support, non- programmable terminals (IBM 5. Much of the software necessary to run the IBM System i is included and integrated into the base operating system. The IBM System i also supports common client. Most AIX 5. L compatible binaries may be executed without modification or recompilation in the PASE environment. Exceptions to this are programs that contain direct calls to AIX kernel based APIs as there is no AIX kernel in PASE. If necessary an AIX program may be built directly in PASE using a standard AIX XL C/C++/C# compiler, for example if native APIs are to be used. In that case APIs are provided to translate between the AIX style pointers and the native 1. Support is provided for running both 3. AIX executables. IBM systems may also come with programming and development software like Programming Development Manager. Programming. Several CASE tools are available: CA Plex (formerly All. Fusion Plex) (see *Plex Wiki), Synon, IBM Rational Business Developer Extension, Accelerator, LANSA, Uniface and Gene. Xus. The ILE (Integrated Language Environment) programming environment allows programs from ILE compatible languages (C, C++, COBOL, RPG, Fortran, and CL), to be bound into the same executable and call procedures written in any of the other ILE languages. The IBM System i fully supports the Java language, including 3. Java Virtual Machines (JVM). Commands in the Control Language (CL) are promptable using the keyboard F4 function key, and most provide cursor- sensitive help to make specifying command parameters simpler. All command names and parameter keywords are based upon uniform standardized and mostly 3- letter abbreviations for verbs and subjects, making for easy rendering and interpretation by the application developer, as opposed to other operating systems with often cryptic or inconsistent command names for related functions or command parameter switches. For instance, the parameter keyword to apply a text description to any object to be created or changed is spelled the same way for all such commands. Examples: CRTUSRPRF, DSPUSRPRF, CHGUSRPRF, DLTUSRPRF - create, display, change, and delete user profile. CRTLIB, DSPLIB, CHGLIB, DLTLIB - Create, display, change and delete a library. ADDLIBLE, RMVLIBLE, CHGLIBL - Add or remove library list entry or change library list. CPYF, CRTF, DSPF, CHGF, DLTF - Copy, create, display, change, and delete file. WRKACTJOB - Work with Active Jobs. WRKSYSSTS - Work with System Status. STRSST, STRPASTHR, STRSBS - Start System Service Tools, start pass through (remote login), start subsystem. VRYCFG - Vary configuration, bring interfaces up or down. PWRDWNSYS - Power Down System. WRKSPLF - Work with spooled files. For traditional business programming languages such as RPG, COBOL, and C, the IBM System i provides an interface to the integrated database that allows these languages to treat database files much like other platforms treat ISAM or VSAM files. Support for 5. 25. ASCII terminals and PC workstations are equally and well supported, also via internet or LAN network access supplemented by either IBM or non- IBM communication software, for example TELNET or TELNET 5. History. The AS/4. The System/3. 6 was IBM's most successful mini- computer but the architecture had reached its limit. The first AS/4. 00 systems (known by the development code names Silverlake and Olympic) were delivered in 1. Guy Dehond from Inventive Designers was one of the beta- testers of Silverlake. The programmers who worked on OS/4. AS/4. 00, did not have a UNIX background. Dr Frank Soltis, the chief architect, says that this is the main difference between this and any other operating system. The AS/4. 00 was one of the first general- purpose computer systems to attain a C2 security rating from the NSA (Gould UTX/C2, a UNIX- based system was branded in 1. This caused problems for those who had bought third- party products that had no source and no observability. In 2. 00. 8, the introduction of V6. R1 caused similar problems, although this time IBM preferred to call it a . The product line was further extended in 2. IBM POWER5 processor. The architecture of the system allows for future implementation of 1. Although announced in 1. AS/4. 00 remains IBM's most recent major architectural shift that was developed wholly internally. Since the arrival of Lou Gerstner in 1. IBM has viewed such colossal internal developments as too risky. Instead, IBM now prefers to make key product strides through acquisition (e. Lotus Software and Rational Software) and to support the development of open standards, particularly Linux. It is noteworthy that after the departure of CEO John Akers in 1. IBM looked likely to be split up, Bill Gates commented that the only part of IBM that Microsoft would be interested in was the AS/4. This enabled programs to create, manage, and access record- oriented files on remote System/3. System/3. 8, and IBM mainframe systems running CICS. This support was extended into the AS/4. It was enhanced to support additional services that had been defined by DDM and to support AS/4. DDM. In 1. 99. 0, the AS/4. Distributed Relational Database Architecture, which is based on DDM. Hardware. It was later migrated to a POWER- based RISC CPU family eventually known as RS6. These CPUs are developed and manufactured by IBM. The POWER 4/5/5+ chips contain two cores. There are Multi- Chip Modules (MCM) available. They have 2 CPUs (4 cores) or 4 CPUs (8 cores) in one MCM. CPUYear. Clock Speed. Server- Model. Cobra (A1. MHz. Model: 4xx, 5xx. Muskie (A2. 5/A3. MHz. Model: 5. 3x. Apache (RS6. 4) (A3. MHz. Model: 6xx, 1. North. Star (RS6. II)since 1. 99. 82. MHz. Model: 1. 70, 2.
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Led Blinking Program In C For Atmega32a
PIC 16F877A is the one of the most popular PIC Microcontroller. MikroC Pro is the best compiler for beginners in the field of microcontrollers. Setting up AVR-GCC Toolchain on Linux and Mac OS X. Windows users have been enjoying various awesome tools to help with their AVR development process like the Atmel Studio, Codevision AVR, WinAVR, IAR Embedded. MPLAB XC Compilers are general solutions for all PIC Microcontrollers for any Project. Blinking an LED with PIC Microcontroller using MPLAB XC8 Compiler. AVR Timers - PWM Mode. AVR Timers – PWM Mode – Part IIThis article is in continuation with the previous PWM post. Learn how to program the timers to operate in PWM mode! So let’s begin! Hello folks! Let’s summarize it first: PWM stands for Pulse Width Modulation. It can be generated by comparing predetermined waveform with a reference voltage level or by making simple analog circuits. Duty Cycle of a PWM waveform is given by the following relation. There are three modes of PWM operation –. Before we proceed, I suggest you to go through my previous posts on Timers and PWM. Led Blinking Program In C For Atmega328-puProblem Statement. Let us take a problem statement. We need to generate a 5. Hz PWM signal having 4. Analysis. Given that. Introduction (to my website). On this website I present all my projects with the AVR range of microcontrollers from Atmel. I like this microcontroller a lot because it of it's easy to use. Hi avinash, i tried the above code on my board by deccan robots.When the program is burned its showing b.b.b.I am not able to trace what the problem is.I am using atmega16 Mcu.I have connected lm35 to pin0 of portA,data lines. Frequency = 5. 0 Hz. In other words, the time period, TT = T(on) + T(off) = 1/5. Also, given that. Duty Cycle = 4. 5%Thus, solving according to equation given above, we get. T(on) =. I assume that after reading my previous posts, you are smart enough to write one yourself! We will discuss only the concepts. Firstly, choose a suitable timer. For this application, we can choose any of the three timers available in ATMEGA3. Choose a suitable prescaler. Then set up the timer and proceed as usual. The catch lies here is that you need to update the compare value of OCRx register everytime. One such way is discussed in the pseudo code given below. A 'Hello, World!' program is a computer program that outputs or displays 'Hello, World!' to the user. Being a very simple program in most programming languages, it is often used to illustrate the basic syntax of a programming. This is analogous to the traditional LED flasher, except the fact that the on and off times are different. Pseudo Code. #include < avr/io. And it’s very inefficient. You can increase its efficiency by writing a better C code (syntax- wise), however the concept remains the same. If you have any other method/concept, you are most welcome to share it here! So, if any of you is trying it out, do post your results here, I would be happy to see them! The PWM Mode in AVR is hardware controlled. This means that everything, by everything. All you need to do is to initialize and start the timer, and set the duty cycle! Let’s learn how! Here, I have used Timer. ATMEGA3. 2 for demonstration. You can choose any other other timer or AVR microcontroller as well. Now let’s have a look at the registers. TCCR0 – Timer/Counter. Control Register. We have come across this register in my Timer. Here, we will learn how to set appropriate bits to run the timer in PWM mode. TCCR0 Register. We will discuss only those bits which are of interest to us now. Bit 6,3 – WGM0. 1: 0 – Waveform Generation Mode. Here’s the look up table. The following look up table determine the operations of OC0 pin for Fast PWM mode. Detailed explanation can be found in my previous tutorial. Fast PWMNow let me remind you that the AVR PWM is fully hardware controlled, which means that even the timer compare operation is done by the AVR CPU. All we need to do is to tell. The COM0. 1: 0 pins come into play here. We see that by setting it to “1. OC0 is either set or cleared (in other words, it determines whether the PWM is in inverted mode, or in non- inverted mode). Similarly for Phase Correct PWM, the look up table and the waveforms go like this. Compare Output Mode, Phase Correct PWM Mode. Phase Correct PWMEven here, setting COM0. OC0 pin. As shown in the waveforms, there are two instances – one during up- counting, and other during down- counting. The behavior is clearly described in the look up table. Please note that OC0 is an output pin. Thus, the effects of WGM and COM won’t . Refer this tutorial for more info. Bit 2: 0 – CS0. 2: 0 – Clock Select Bits. We use this register to store the compare value. But when we use Timer. PWM mode, the value stored in it acts as the duty cycle (obviously!). In the problem statement, its given that the duty cycle is 4. OCR0 = 4. 5% of 2. And that’s it! Now we are ready to write a code for it! If you wish to change its frequency, you need to alter the TOP value, which can be done using the ICRx register (which is not supported by 8- bit timers). For 1. 6- bit Timer. ICR1. A. I will discuss about this soon when we discuss about servo control. Code. So here goes the code. To know about bit manipulations, view. To learn how to use AVR Studio 5, view. To learn how this code is structured, view the. This one is going to be a more of a practical stuff unlike the previous one! Let’s take the traditional LED flasher where we need to blink an LED at a particular frequency. But hey, wait, didn’t we discuss it long back in this post (scroll down towards the end)? Hmm, so let’s modify it so as to incorporate PWM. Unlike the traditional LED flasher (where LEDs are either ON or OFF), lets make it glow at the maximum brightness, and then slowly decrease its brightness till it reaches zero, and then again increase its brightness slowly till it becomes maximum. Analysis and Code. So how do we do it? Yes, you guessed it right! Decrease the duty cycle slowly from 2. Depending upon the duty cycle, the voltage applied to the LED varies, and thus the brightness. The following formula gives the relation between voltage and duty cycle. So here goes the code. I won’t explain it, you can decode it yourself. To learn about I/O port operations in AVR, view. To know about bit manipulations, view. To learn how to use AVR Studio 5, view. To learn how this code is structured, view the! Subscribe to my blog or grab the RSS Feeds to stay updated! |
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